Copyright и licensing для AI: какой legal landscape для training data (NYT v OpenAI, GitHub Copilot lawsuit), позиция US Copyright Office по AI outputs и обязательства EU AI Act Article 53?

Legal landscape в 2024–2026 — это три фронта. Training data lawsuits: NYT v OpenAI/Microsoft (Dec 2023, copyright + regurgitation), Andersen v Stability AI (Jan 2023, visual artists), Doe v GitHub Copilot (Nov 2022, dismissed Sep 2023 / частичный settlement), Authors Guild / Silverman v OpenAI (Sep 2023), Getty v Stability AI (UK, ongoing). Fair use — основной defense AI компаний (transformative use), но regurgitation breaks transformative argument. US Copyright Office (Mar 16 2023 guidance + Aug 18 2023 final ruling Allen v USCO): purely AI-generated works НЕ copyrightable, требуется human authorship — Zarya of the Dawn получил partial registration. EU AI Act Article 53(1)(c) обязует GPAI providers публиковать "sufficiently detailed summary" training content + respect TDM opt-outs (CDSM Article 4 reservation). Opt-out signals: robots.txt (informal), ai.txt (Spawning AI), noai meta tags, TDMRep. Adobe Firefly vs Microsoft Copilot Copyright Commitment — два разных commercial-safety approaches.